A system for knowledge tracing based on a hierarchical memory network, including a controller  assembly, a hierarchical memory matrix assembly  and a reading head and writing head assembly. The  controller assembly includes an encoding module for  encoding input knowledge information. The reading  head and writing head assembly is configured to write the encoded knowledge information into the  hierarchical memory matrix assembly. The  hierarchical memory matrix assembly includes a  working storage unit, a long-term storage unit, a  segmentation module, and a decay module. The  segmentation module is configured to divide the input  knowledge information into the working memory  information and the long-term memory information.  The decay module is configured to store the working  memory information and long-term memory  information into the working storage unit and the  long-term storage unit in a decay manner. The  present disclosure further discloses a method for  knowledge tracing based on a hierarchical memory  network.